Derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1h)-one and methods of their preparation and utilization

ABSTRACT

Derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one of the general formula (II), where X represents a nitro group, amino group, and Y represents an atom of halogen, oxygen or sulphur substituted by C 1  to C 6  alkyl or phenyl group, whereby both the alkyl and phenyl group may be further substituted and the substituents may be identical or different, or by nitrogen substituted independently by hydrogen, C 1  to C 6  alkyl, C 1  to C 6  alkyl, which may be substituted among others by halogen, hydroxy, C 1  to C 4  alkoxy or C 1  to C 4  alkylamino group, or may form a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring with 5 to 7 atoms, where the individual ring atoms comprise atoms of carbon, and any of the carbon atoms may be substituted by an atom of nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen, X and Y together form an imidazo group, or imidazo group substituted by C 1  to C 6  alkyl, which may be substituted among others by halogen, hydroxy, C 1  to C 4  alkoxy or C 1  to C 4  alkylamino group, CHO or acetylgroup, or a heterocyclic ring with 5 to 6 atoms, where the ring atoms may be further substituted. Methods of preparation of these compounds are described. In addition, their cytostatic, cytotoxic, antiproliferation and immunosuppressive activity is described including examples of their potential pharmacological and pharmaceutical utilization.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The invention describes derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one, which show biological activity.

BACKGROUND ART

So far, derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one referred to in the present invention have not been described in literature. Derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one of the general formula I have been described in the literature

as well as some other of its derivatives, which are substituted by various substituents.

A derivative substituted by chlorine atom in the position 6 of the quinolone skeleton has been described in the paper by Spence et al. (J. Chem. Soc., 1971, 3712-3719.). Preparation of this derivative is further described, which is based on o-nitrobenzaldehyde (1), which upon reaction with bromacetonphenon using the Darzens reaction yields trans-1-benzoyl-2-(o-nitrophenyl)ethylene epoxide (2), which under the activity of hydrogen chloride gives rise to 6-chlorine-1,3-dihydroxy-2-phenylquinoline-4(1H)-one (3), which upon subsequent reduction by dithionite yields 6-chlorine-2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one (4), as shown in the Scheme 1.

Sui et al. (Eur. J. Med. Chem., 1999, 34, 381.) described preparation of substituted derivatives containing hydroxy group in the position 5 and 7 and a combination of substituents of e.g. hydrogen atom, halogen atom or trifluormethyl group or hydroxy group in the position 3′, 4′ and 5′. These derivatives are inhibitors of procaryotic topoisomerase II and DNA gyrase. Preparation of these derivatives is based on substituted aniline (5), which yields a ketone (6) by Susagawa's acylation with suitable acetonitrile. Ring closure to 3-methoxy-4quinolones (7) is achieved upon subsequent N-acylation by benzoylchloride and under subsequent activity of sodium methanolate. Derivatives of quinolone (8) shown in the Scheme 2 are produced upon subsequent demethylation by hydrogen bromide.

Hradil et al. (Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 1995, 60, 1357) described preparation of derivatives containing combinations of substituents such as hydrogen atoms, halogen atoms, nitro- or amino groups or amino groups substituted by isopropyl in the position 2′, 3′, 4′ and 5′. Preparation of these derivatives is based on a suitable substituted salt of anthranilic acid (9), which upon reaction with bromacetonphenon yields phenacyl esters (10), which yield quinolone derivatives (11) upon ring closure with polyphosphoric acid—(Scheme 3).

DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION

The invention discloses derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one of the general formula (II),

where

-   X is a nitro group or a amino group, and -   Y is a halogen, oxygen or sulphur atom substituted by carbon chain     C₁ to C₆ with simple or multiple bonds or a phenyl group where both     the alkyl and the phenol group may be further substituted and the     substituents may be identical or different and may consist of a     halogen, hydroxy, alkyl with 1 to 4 carbons, or an alkoxy group with     1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkylamino group with 1 to 4 carbon     atoms, or a nitrogen atom substituted independently by hydrogen,     carbon chain C₁ to C₆ with simple or multiple bonds, whereby the     individual atoms of the chain may be further substituted among     others by halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy group with carbon number 1 to 4,     or alkyl amino group with carbon number 1 to 4, or may constitute a     saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring with 5 to 7 atoms, where     the individual ring atoms comprise carbon atoms, of which any can be     replaced by a nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen atom, and the nitrogen     atoms may be further bound to a nitrogen atom X through a methine     group.

The invention discloses also include the derivative of the general formula III

where R indicates a hydrogen or a carbon chain C₁ to C₆ with simple or multiple bonds, which may be substituted among others by halogen, hydroxy, C₁ to C₄ alkoxy or C₁ to C₄ alkylamino group, formyl or acetyl group, or saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring with 5 to 6 atoms, where the ring atoms may be further substituted.

The invention discloses also include the method of preparation of the derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one of the general formula (II), whereby the compounds of the general formula (II), where X is a nitro group and Y is a halogen, are prepared by ring closure of 2-(4-halogen-3-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-aminobenzoate in acids such as polyphosphoric acid, trifluoracetic acid or formic acid, or in solvents with high boiling point such as N-methylpyrrolidone or N-cyclohexylpyrrolidone at temperatures from 50 to 200° C., usually at 100° C. temperature (Scheme 4);

The invention discloses also include the Method of preparation of the derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one of the general formula (II), where X is a nitro group and Y is a variably substituted nitrogen atom, which are prepared by reaction of a suitably substituted amino compound with a compound of the general formula (II), where X is a nitro group and Y is a halogen in surplus of the reacting amino compound or in the mixture of the amino compound with N-methyl-pyrrolidone at 70 to 150° C. temperature, usually at the boiling point of the reacting mixture (Scheme 5);

The invention discloses further include the method of preparation of the derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one of the general formula (II), where X is a nitro group and Y is a nitrogen atom comprising a part of unsaturated heterocycle, or a substituted sulphur or oxygen atom, which are prepared by reaction of a suitably substituted heterocycle or thiocompound with a compound of the general formula (II), where X is a nitro group and Y is a halogen in N-methyl-pyrrolidone or an alcohol with higher boiling point at the presence of strong bases such as sodium hydride or sodium alcoholate, at 70 to 220° C. temperature, usually at the boiling point of the reacting mixture (Scheme 5);

Finally, the invention discloses include the method of preparation of the derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one of the general formula (III). Compounds of the general formula (III) are prepared from a compound of the general formula (II), where X is a nitro group and Y is a nitrogen atom substituted by a hydrogen atom and another substituent according to the description given in the first paragraph of the chapter “Disclosure of Invention”, by action of hydrogen in organic acids such as formic acid or acetic acid, at the presence of catalysts of hydrogenation, such as the Raney nickel, platinum or palladium on activated carbon, where first the nitro group is reduced and then followed by ring closure to the corresponding compound of the general formula (III) at the temperature 0 to 150° C. temperature, usually at the boiling point of the reacting mixture (Scheme 6)

The invention discloses also include the method of use of the derivatives according to the requirements 1 and 2 for treatment of tumorous diseases, diseases with pathological proliferation and diseases featuring pathological activation of the immunity system, for example the autoimmune and hypersensitivity diseases

EXAMPLES

The essence of the methods according to the invention is further demonstrated in the following examples. These examples have an illustrative character and do not limit the extend of the invention in any case.

Example 1 2-(4-Chlorine-3-nitrophenyl)-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one

2-(4-Chlorine-3-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-aminobenzoate (44.8 mmol) was suspended in polyphosphoric acid (167.3 g). The reaction mixture was heated to 100° C. and stirred for ninety minutes at this temperature. The mixture was then poured into water with crushed ice (700 ml). The separated product was filtered off, washed with water into neutral reaction of filtrate and dried.

Yield: 84% by theory, melting point 284 to 287° C.: MS: m/z 319.9 [M(³⁵Cl)+H]⁺.

Example 2 3-Hydroxy-2-[(3-nitro-4-piperidine-1-yl)phenyl]quinoline-4(1H)-one

2-(4-Chlorine-3-nitrophenyl)-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one (0.63 mmol) was dissolved in mixture of piperidine (6.3 mmol) and N-methylpyrrolidone (1 ml). The mixture was stirred at 110° C. temperature for two hours. The mixture was then cooled down to 20° C., water was added (20 ml) and pH was adjusted to pH 7 by diluted HCl (1:3). The separated solid was filtered off, washed with water and dried. The product was crystallized from 2-methoxyethanol.

Yield: 95% by theory, melting point 264 to 267° C., MS: m/z 365.9 [M+H]⁺.

Example 3 3-Hydroxy-2-{4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]-3-nitrophenyl}quinoline-4(1H)-one

The final product was obtained using the same procedure as in the example 2, using 3-amino-1-propanol in N-methylpyrrolidone.

Yield: 65% by theory, melting point 233 to 236° C., MS: m/z 355.9 [M+H]⁺.

Example 4 3-Hydroxy-2-{4-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-yl]-3-nitrophenyl}quinoline-4(1H)-one

The final product was obtained using the same procedure as in example 2, using N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-piperazine in N-methylpyrrolidone.

Yield: 76% by theory, melting point 218-221° C., MS: m/z 410.9 [M+H]⁺.

Example 5 3-Hydroxy-2-(4-{4-[2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)ethyl]piperazine-1-yl}-3-nitrophenyl)quinoline-4(1H)-one

The final product was obtained using the same procedure as in example 2, using 1-[2-(hydroxyethoxy)-ethyl]piperazine in N-methylpyrrolidone.

Yield: 91% by theory, melting point 203 to 204° C., MS: m/z 454.9 [M+H]⁺.

Example 6 2-[4-(Ethylamino)-3-nitrophenyl]-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one

The final product was obtained using the same procedure as in example 2, using ethylamine in N-methyl pyrrolidone.

Yield: 95% by theory, melting point 282 to 285° C., MS: m/z 326.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 7 3-Hydroxy-2-[3-nitro-4-(phenylthio)phenyl]quinoline-4(1H)-one

Thiophenol (1.95 mmol) was dissolved in butanol (8.0 ml), and sodium hydride (1.95 mmol) was added to the resulting solution. After five minutes of stirring, 2-(4-chlorine-3-nitrophenyl)-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one (1.94 mmol) was added into the reaction mixture and the mixture was refluxed for six hours.

The reaction mixture was then cooled down to 20° C. and acidified to pH 6 by diluted acid HCl (1:3). The separated product was filtered off, washed three times with ethanol and dried. It was recrystallized from 2-methoxyethanol.

Yield: 94% by theory, melting point 322 to 324° C., MS: 390.9 [M+H]⁺.

Example 8 3-Hydroxy-2-[4-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)-3-nitrophenyl]quinoline-4(1H)-one

Imidazole (0.48 mmol) was dissolved in N-methylpyrrolidone (1.0 ml). Sodium hydride (0.48 mmol) was added to the solution, and after five minutes also 2-(4-chlorine-3-nitrophenyl)-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one (0.4 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred for two hours at the boiling point. It was then poured onto crushed ice and pH adjusted to pH 7 by diluted HCl (1:3). The separated product was filtered off, washed twice with water and dried up. It was recrystallized from 2-methoxyethanol.

Yield: 92% by theory, melting point 278 to 280° C., MS: m/z 349.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 9 3-[5-(3-Hydroxy-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinoline-2-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-1-yl]propyl ester of formic acid

3-Hydroxy-2-{4-[(3-hydroxypropyl)amino]-3-nitrophenyl}quinoline-4(1)-one (4.5 mmol) was suspended in formic acid (27 ml), and catalyzed 5% Pd/C (0.1 g) was added into the reaction mixture. The apparatus was blown by nitrogen, and hydrogen was then forced into the reaction mixture. The mixture was heated to boiling under reflux for six hours time. After cooling the catalyst was filtered off and the mixture was thickened on a vacuum evaporator to form viscous oil. The oil was dissolved in added water. The mixture was then neutralized to pH 7 by NaHCO₃ solution. The separated solid was filtered off, washed with water and dried. It was recrystallized from mixture of N-methylpyrrolidone-ethylacetate.

Yield: 95%, melting point 215 to 217° C., MS: m/z 364.0 [M+H]⁺.

Example 10 In Vitro Antitumour Activity

In order to evaluate antitumour activity of the new prepared substances in vitro, we used the MTT cytotoxic test on cell lines derived from normal tissues and tumours. In particular, they included the NIH 3T3 (mouse fibroblasts), K562 (human myeloid leukaemia), K562-tax (human myeloid leukaemia resistant to taxol and the overexpressing protein of the PgP multiple drug resistance), CEM (T-lymphoblastic leukaemia), CEM-DNR-bulk (T-lymphoblastic leukaemia resistant to doxorubicine, lacking the expression of target gene for inhibitors of topoisomerase II alpha) and the line A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma). The expression characteristics, profiles of sensitivity to classic antitumour drugs and the methodology of the cytotoxic MTT test have been repeatedly published (Nosková V. et al., Neoplasma 2002, {hacek over (S)}arek J. et al., Med. Chem., 2003, D{hacek over (z)}ubák P., et al., Bioorg Med. Chem., 2006).

Results from the tests are summarized in Table 1. The tested substances showed generally higher cytotoxicity to tumour cells than to non-tumour ones (NIH 3T3 fibroblasts).

TABLE 1 In vitro antitumour activity of the tested substances. Sub- stance Cytotoxic and antiproliferation activity MTT test (IC50, μM) of Y substitution CEM CEM-DNR-BULK K 562 K562-TAX A 549 formula X = NO₂ x SD x SD x SD x SD x SD II Cl 2.6 0.10 3.5 0.52 2.3 0.36 3.2 0.41 4.2 2.01 II

1.4 0.77 3.4 0.45 0.7 0.02 2.1 0.62 1.7 1.22 II

1.6 1.02 3.0 0.29 0.7 0.03 2.0 0.73 1.6 1.03 II

3.1 0.66 10.5 0.72 3.1 0.36 3.3 0.17 2.8 0.18 II

4.3 2.09 85.0 20.11 10.9 0.83 41.4 3.77 31.0 16.53 II —NH(CH₂)₂OH 2.7 0.15 98.8 53.82 7.3 4.05 44.9 4.55 46.8 8.89 II —NH(CH₂)₃OH 1.4 0.77 46.3 4.27 6.2 3.83 12.9 0.93 12.4 0.76 II —NH(CH₂)₄OH 0.7 0.04 15.1 1.15 1.8 1.33 8.6 1.90 5.7 4.48 II —NH(CH₂)₅OH 1.0 0.50 10.8 0.75 2.8 1.88 5.7 3.96 5.3 3.95 II —N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ 0.3 0.02 142.9 22.05 186.6 53.46 198.0 28.22 224.5 31.35 II —N(CH₂CH₂CH₃)₂ 0.7 0.06 2.2 0.27 0.6 0.08 1.2 0.63 1.1 0.56 II —NHCH(CH₃)₂ 1.6 0.64 6.8 2.89 2.1 2.56 3.0 0.49 2.8 0.10 II —N(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃) 1.7 0.98 129.1 16.08 0.7 0.03 162.7 16.37 66.5 57.81 II

6.5 0.78 2.5 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.93 0.67 7.2 3.1 II

2.1 0.34 3.2 0.24 9.3 0.13 5.2 0.75 4.3 2.1 II X = NH₂ II

4.5 0.56 16.3 4.8 170 24.6 4.2 0.60 7.9 4.12 II

0.45 0.1 7.3 2.1 67 13.2 6.9 2.34 123.2 37.1 R substitution III —(CH₂)₅CH₃ 2.8 0.81 54 21.2 8.5 1.01 35 12.50 44.3 12.5 III —(CH₂)₂S(CH₂)₂OH 0.8 0.10 2.2 0.35 3.1 0.25 4.5 0.76 3.6 0.51 III —(CH₂)₂N(C₂H₅)₂ 5.2 2.67 71.2 12.56 2.1 1.24 6.5 2.45 3.5 1.23 III

1.0 0.23 12.43 4.32 4.3 1.56 123.1 28.1 2.1 0.67

Example 11 In Vitro Immunosuppressive Activity

The proliferation response of isolated lymphocytes to polyclonal mitogens belongs to the most important parameters of specific cell immunity. Most of the human lymphocytes occur in quiet state. Antigens or polyclonal mitogens, however, are capable of activating lymphatic cells, which is accompanied by dramatic changes of their cell metabolism (enhanced mitochondrial activity, protein and nucleic acid synthesis, formation of blastic cells and proliferations). Substances having the capability to suppress such processes show immunosuppressive activity in clinical conditions and, therefore, these tests can be used for screening tests of immunosuppressive activity in vitro. On this account, we use the above-mentioned MTT test, which evaluates both the survival and the proliferation activity of quiet vs. polyclonal-mitogen (concavaline A, 5 μg/ml)-stimulated human lymphocytes to screen the immunosuppressive activity of new substances (Jegorov et al., J. Mass. Spetrom., 2006).

Results from the tests are summarized in Table 2. Selected substances showed preferential inhibition activity to the stimulated vs. quiet lymphocytes, which is conformable with the expected immunosuppressive activity of substances.

TABLE 2 Immunosuppressive activity of the new substances. Inhibition of lymphocyte activation with ConA Substance (IC50, μM) of formula Substitution x SD II F 3.8 0.33 II

1.5 0.17 II

6.3 0.54 II

2.7 0.22 II

5.8 0.62 II —NH(CH₂)₂OH 3.8 0.51 II —NH(CH₂)₃OH 0.8 0.09 II —NH(CH₂)₄OH 1.1 0.09 II —NH(CH₂)₅OH 0.6 0.08 II —N(CH₂CH₂OH)₂ 0.9 0.11 II —N(CH₂CH₂CH₃)₂ 0.9 0.13 II —NHCH(CH₃)₂ 4.8 0.42 II —N(CH₃)(CH₂CH₃) 5.7 0.55 II

0.5 0.1 III —CH₂CH₂NHCHO 1.1 0.45 III

0.8 0.12 III

1.25 0.01 III

4.6 1.3 III

4.2 1.1 III

3.7 1.25

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

Derivatives of the general formula (II) and (III) according to the invention show a wide spectrum of biological activities, for example the cytostatic, antiproliferation and immunosuppressive activity, and they are suitable for production of pharmaceutical and diagnostic applications or can be used as intermediate products in production of other derivatives of the same group. 

1. Derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxy quinoline-4(1.H)-one of the general formula (II),

where X represents a nitro group or amino group, and Y represents a halogen, oxygen or sulphur atom substituted by carbon chain Ci to C₆ with simple or multiple bonds or phenyl group, where both the alkyl and the phenyl group may be further substituted and the substituents may be identical or different and may comprise a halogen, hydroxy, alkyl with carbon number 1-4, or alkoxy group with carbon atom number 1-4, or an alkylamino group with carbon atom number 1-4, or a nitrogen atom substituted independently by hydrogen, carbon chain Ci to C₆ with simple or multiple bonds, where the individual atoms in the chain may be further substituted among others by halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy group with carbon number 1-4, or an alkylamino group with carbon atom number 1-4, or may form a saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring with 5 to 7 atoms, whereby the individual ring atoms comprise carbon atoms, of which any can be substituted by nitrogen, sulphur or oxygen atom, and this nitrogen atom may be bound to nitrogen atom of X through a methine group.
 2. Derivatives of 2-phenyl-3-hydroxyquinoline-4(1H)-one according to claim 1, of the general formula (III)

where R represents hydrogen or carbon chain C₁ to C₆ with simple or multiple bonds, which can be substituted among others by a halogen, hydroxy, C₁ to C₄ alkoxy or C₁ to C₄ alkylamino group, formyl or acetyl group, or saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring with 5 to 6 atoms, whereby the ring atoms may be further substituted.
 3. Method of preparation of the derivatives according to claim 1, wherein the compound of the general formula (II), where Y is a halogen atom, is prepared by ring closure of 2-(4-halogen-3-nitrophenyl)-2-oxoethyl 2-aminobenzoate in acids or solvents with high boiling point.
 4. Method of preparation according to claim 3, wherein the acid is the polyphosphoric, trifluoracetic or formic acid.
 5. Method of preparation according to claim 3, wherein the high-boiling-point-solvent is N-methylpyrrolidone or N-cyclohexylpyrrolidone.
 6. Method according to claim 3, wherein the ring closure is carried out at 50 to 200° C. temperature.
 7. Method according to claim 3 wherein the ring closure is carried out preferably at 100° C. temperature.
 8. Method of preparation of the derivatives according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of the general formula (II), where Y is variously substituted nitrogen atom, are prepared by reaction of suitably substituted amino compound with a compound of the general formula (II), where X is a nitro group and Y is a halogen, in surplus of the reacting amino compound or in a mixture of the amino compound with N-methylpyrrolidone.
 9. Method according to claim 8, wherein the reaction proceeds at 70 to 150° C. temperature.
 10. Method of preparation of the derivatives according to claim 1, wherein the compounds of the general formula (II), where Y is an atom of nitrogen, which is a part of the unsaturated heterocycle or a substituted sulphur or oxygen atom, are prepared by reaction of suitably substituted heterocycle or thiocompound with a compound of the general formula (II), where X is a nitro group and Y is a halogen in N-methyl-pyrrolidone or higher-boiling-point-alcohol at the presence of strong bases.
 11. Method according to claim 10, wherein the strong base is sodium hydride or sodium alcoholate.
 12. Method according to claim 10, wherein the reaction proceeds at 70 to 220° C. temperature.
 13. Method of preparation of the derivatives according to claim 2, wherein the compounds of the general formula (III) are prepared from a compound of the general formula (II), where X is a nitro group and Y is a nitrogen atom substituted by a hydrogen atom and another substituent, by action of hydrogen in formic acid at the presence of catalysts of hydrogenation, where first the nitro group is reduced and then followed by subsequent ring closure to the corresponding compound of the general formula (III).
 14. Method according to claim 13, wherein the catalyst of hydrogenation is the Raney nickel, platinum or palladium on activated carbon.
 15. Method according claim 13, wherein the hydrogenation and subsequent ring closure proceed at 0 to 105° C. temperature.
 16. Method according to claim 8, wherein the reaction proceeds at the boiling point of the reaction mixture.
 17. Method of pharmaceutical and pharmacological utilization of the derivatives according to claim 1, wherein drugs prepared in such a way can be used for treatment of tumorous diseases.
 18. Method of pharmaceutical and pharmacological utilization of the derivatives according to claim 1, wherein drugs prepared in such a way can be used for treatment of diseases with pathological proliferation.
 19. Method of pharmaceutical and pharmacological utilization of the derivatives according to claim 1, wherein drugs prepared in such a way can be used for treatment of diseases showing pathological activation of immunity system, for example autoimmune and hypersensitivity diseases. 